Students Can Choose More Than One Way - 936 Words

Today, students can choose more than one way to attend school. The ordinary way is by attending a traditional classroom setting which has been utilized for years. The other option is to attend school by learning online. This relatively new way of learning is rapidly growing especially with working adults. Both ways of schooling will allow a student to earn a degree but there are some differences between the two. Learning the traditional way consists of sitting in a classroom for hours on end (Bethel University, n.d., p.4). A traditional classroom allows the student to correspond with the teacher and classmates in person. Learning in a traditional classroom setting also means the student will have a physical text book to transport around and possibly other materials like notebooks, pens, paper, etc. (Bethel University, (n.d.) The traditional classroom will likely involve class participation, homework, reading assignments, tests, and possibly a few quizzes. An online setting allows the student to participate in the course work with more agility. You don t have to slip into a seat at a particular time of the day or night. (Bethel University, n.d., p. 4). The student has the ease of completing assignments in the comfort of their own home and must be disciplined to submit the work before the deadline. It is imperative for an online student to manage their own schedule because there isn t a set time for the student to login and participate. Online classes willShow MoreRelatedThe, Hidden Intellectualism, By Gerald Graff1385 Words   |  6 Pagesofficials aim for students to get accepted into a large public or private schools after proving themselves in their academic progress. The one thing faculty neglects is their students do not feel prepared to enter the real world because they have not been exposed to endure the grueling work process required by universities. Schools teach students the basic core classes and group each into a box l eaving little room to explore and enjoy the classes they are enrolled in. The real world is more open to changeRead MoreHome School Has Become a Popular Way of Education1018 Words   |  5 PagesSo many reasons why parents choose to home school their children. Even though it has been said that the drop-out rate is higher than in public schools, it has been proven by the NHERI (National Home Education Research Institute) that home schooled children have a higher success rate for college education. NHERI conducts, collects and provides research on homeschooling and publishes the information in the Home School Researcher Journal. Home schooling has become very popular and some people believeRead MoreCompare and Contrast; Internet vs. Traditional Classes1214 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society we can choose to take online classes or the traditional way in a classroom the two differ in many ways, but the concept of the two are the same the goal is for the student to learn and apply the information given. Each setting has its pros and its cons. Having more than one choice in how to learn is beneficial to each individual because everyone learns in different ways. Some people learn better by themselves without any distractions and others learn better in a group setting.Read MoreThe Effects Of Reading On Reading For Pleasure1249 Words   |  5 Pageson all students. Forced reading is reading assigned by school teachers to students who will eventually be tested over the plot, characters, themes and/or other details in the book. Many students don’t realize that required reading is much different than reading for pleasure. Testing over assigned reading requires a student to pay attention to several small details that would otherwise be overlooked if they were reading on their own. Although it is â€Å"required† reading, many students find ways aroundRead MoreFlaws In Modern Education1409 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is one of, if not the most vital part of life. However, as David Kearns, the CEO for Xerox once said â€Å"Our large schools are organized like a factory of the late 19th century: top down, command control management, a system designed to stifle creativity and independent judgment.† This quote helps to highlight the many flaws in modern education, which include seeking to hinder the development of deep thoughts and character. The system of education present in modern day America was establishedRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1335 Words   |  6 Pagesexited to go learn, meet new friends, and experience what school is really about. As they go into their middle school environment starts to change. Girls and boys going through changes, asking many questions because they want to know. By the time students enter high school, they’re unsure of what they want to do in life and that’s completely understandable. When they have reached their senior year in high school and they still d on’t know what they plan on doing in life, that’s when they decide toRead MoreBenefits Of Being New College Students1450 Words   |  6 Pagesidea that our team believes would be beneficiary to the university is investing in a meal plan that is affordable for students and accessible to more restaurants surrounding campus. In the past few years, the meal plans offered at ODU were costly along with unappealing. When a student chooses to live on-campus they are required to purchase a meal plan. That is, the students who choose to reside in an on-campus dormitory, and not on-campus apartments. The food options that are offered on-campus includesRead MoreLarge College Campuses vs. Small College Campuses Essay565 Words   |  3 Pagescolleges to choose from. Students start looking at college at around the junior year of high school. There are so many things to think about when choosing which college to attend and one being the size of the campus. Each student has their pr eference on size. Attending a school with a large campus or small campus has both negatives and positives. Even though going to a large college campus or a small college campus have their own individual benefits, they have similar qualities that can make the decisionRead MoreFinland And American Education System854 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the students to take, the time management during school hours, and the classroom environment. The differences between Finland and American education systems start with the youngest students. Finland students start school at a later age than American students. In Finland their students don’t start school until they reach the age of seven years old, where as in America the students start school when they reach the age of five. Finland also doesn’t focus on testing their younger students. InsteadRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School942 Words   |  4 PagesJapan, students have to state a major when they apply for a university, and majors hold their own enrollment examinations. This means that high school students have to finish deciding their major while they are in high school. In order to be ready for this, teachers ask high school students their first, second and third choices of universities and majors right after starting their freshman, and then they will study for the enrollment examinations, which is the biggest purpose. What if students cannot

A Research Study On Ethics - 1309 Words

Ethics 1. It is the ethics involved in this situation that causes PGD to be a socio-scientific issue. Generally, embryos that are affected with the disease that is being tested for are discarded. There is usually at least one embryo affected with the disease that is being tested for. However embryos that are not implanted can be stored for up to ten years. In some cases there will be more than one ‘healthy’ embryo. As people do not usually choose to implant two, the patient has to make a decision as to what embryo they will choose to implant. The other is likely to be frozen for storage. There is never a 100% guarantee that the embryo will implant, or that the results are 100% accurate. The issues involved are that the embryos may be perceived to be people, or the beginning of an alive baby. Therefore, depending on perception some people will disagree with PGD because they might perceive discarding the embryo’s to be like terminating or killing a baby. (Refer to opinion s and perspectives). Furthermore, another potential opinion regarding ethics is the issue of designer babies. Although sex selection in New Zealand is illegal and PGD/PGS is purely for the testing of genetic disorders, some perceive it as the next step towards creating perfect ‘designer’ babies. Designer babies are genetically engineered children. Currently the term is generally used to describe a baby whose genetic make-up has been selected in order to remove a particular defect, or to ensure that aShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Ethics1394 Words   |  6 PagesEthics, deriving from the Greek ethos meaning character (Jennings, 2010), are the â€Å"moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conducting of an activity† (Oxford Dictionary, 2015b) and establish the foundation of present-day research (Cropley, 2008; Flick, 2006). They are the â€Å"norms of conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour† (Resnik , 2011) and establish the values essential for the collaborative work between the researcher and the research subject (JenningsRead MoreA Research Study And Ethics Analysis2240 Words   |  9 Pagestechnology will be shown with discussion of engineers responsibility regards on real life cases. Table of Content 1. Introduction 1 2. Background 2 2.1 Conveniences 2 2.2 Risks to health 3 2.3 Risk of misuse 3 2.4 Opposition 3 3. Case study and Ethics analysis 4 3.1 Case 1. Microchip implant ahead of iPhone 6 release 4 3.1.1 Analysis 5 3.1.2 Ethical Issues 5 3.2 Case 2. Failure of VeriChip 6 3.2.1 Analysis 6 3.2.2 Ethical Issues 7 4. Engineers role in implementing such implants 8 5. ConclusionRead MoreExample Of Studies Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesSignificance of Study The data reporting on ethics training in public sector organisations have primarily been comprised of international studies, which have been conducted in developed countries (15 out of the 16 articles). Subsequently, a systematic review was applied in the current study in order provide information from existing research on ethics training programmes. This is one of the few South African study’s to apply a systematic review on specific ethics training programme elements. TheRead MoreCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and1500 Words   |  6 PagesCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and beliefs of an organization. A code of ethics clarifies to employees what the company stands for and its expectations for employee conduct (Daft, 2013). A well-written code is a true commitment to responsible business practices in that it outlines specific procedures to handle ethical fail ures. Within the research enterprise, the code of ethics ensures that research projects involving human subjects areRead MoreWhat Is A Practical Checklist Which May Improve The Effectiveness Of Ethics Training744 Words   |  3 Pageswhich may improve the implementation and effectiveness of ethics training programmes. Significance of Study The data reporting on ethics training in public sector organisations have primarily been comprised of international studies, which have been conducted in developed countries (15 out of the 16 articles). Subsequently, a systematic review was applied in the current study in order provide information from existing research on ethics training programmes. This is one of the few South AfricanRead MoreEthics Is Broader Than The Law Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Ethics involves wider understanding of the human attributes regarding duties and rights. Ethical study carries in Massey University, and it has helped in clarifying that ethics is broader than the law. It helps in introducing different aspects such as justice, truthfulness and state of a person attributes. Taking example of staffs, it helps in integrating the social and cultural, gender and economic difference arising taking into consideration of Treaty of Waitangi. It empowers the staffsRead MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of business ethics in previous and current literature Previous Methodologies used for Studying Business Ethics Majority of the literature reviewed relied heavily on questionnaires and surveys as the chosen methodology. According to Rowley (2014), questionnaires are the â€Å"most widely used means of collecting data† (p. 308). However, when designing a questionnaire or survey researchers should consider the type of questions being used, sensitivity of questions asked, content and lengthRead MoreEssay on Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics1195 Words   |  5 PagesReview of Leadership Ethics Lillie Johnson LDR 800, Ethical Dilemmas and Stewardship June 4, 2013 Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics The opportunity to evaluate original research serves as one of the many foundations to both scholarly writing and research (Grand Canyon University, 2013). Therefore, to enhance this process I will critique empirical research articles for the purpose of demonstrating the effectiveness in understanding leadership ethics. So, using the literatureRead MoreInformed Consent Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesthey are governed by rules and regulations on how to set up studies to find answers. Ethics are the guidelines or standards used by researchers when setting up a study. Ethical research studies abide by the guidelines set up by the American Psychological Association (APA). They need to understand concept of risk to benefit ratio. One of the ethical guidelines explored in this paper is informed consent and the impact on psychological research. Under the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and CodeRead MoreProfessional Practice Issues Of Health Care Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesi n Health Care - Ethics Introduction Medical ethics play a huge role in the health care industry. A crucial part of a health care professional s role is to apply appropriate ethical guidelines into clinical settings. Due to its importance there is unlimited amount of references available in different forms regarding to this specific topic, however, the quality, reliability and relevance of each reference can remain questioned and requires further consideration. In this study three different types

Does Divorce of Parents Harm Children Free Essays

Divorce has become prevalent, but what are its effects on children? Many researchers began studying this question in the 1970s, and they have learned a great deal about children and divorce. One thing researchers have learned is that we must distinguish between children’s initial or short-term reactions to marital disruption and their long-term (more than two years) adjustment. Children’s long-term reactions vary greatly, depending on how the parents respond to the child during and after the breakup. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Divorce of Parents Harm Children? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In particular, the most important factors that shape long-term adjustment are (1) the amount of parental conflict children are exposed to and (2) the quality of parenting or childrearing competence they receive. In addition to these two factors, children’s reactions are affected by social or environmental factors such as living in a neighborhood with high crime and violence. Economic factors are an important aspect of divorce, as most single-parent mothers have more economic stress and can provide fewer resources and opportunities for their children following divorce. Economic stress leads to increasing family mobility and an unwanted decrease in kinship networks and family support systems. This becomes especially problematic when it deprives families of grandparents and other kin who can help parents cope in the aftermath of divorce. Yes: Judith S. Wallerstein, from â€Å"Growing up in the divorced family† Clinical Social Work Journal (Winter 2005) Clinical psychologist Judith Wallerstein argues not only that children are harmed when their parents’ divorce but also that these negative side effects continue into their adult lives. Wallerstein claims that adolescents of divorce families often become involved with drugs, alcohol, and sexual activity earlier than adolescents of intact families. And once they are adults, she claims that these children suffer from acute anxiety when attempting to love and form permanent relationships. Parent- Child relationships not only change at the breakup but continue to change during the years to follow. When this bond is broken by divorce, a wide range of passions spills over into all domains of the family. These emotions, as noted, have the power to derail parent-child relationships that were in place during the intact family. One immediate consequence of these chronic uncertainties in the post-divorce family is the eruption of persistent anxiety in the child, setting into motion a hyper vigilant tracking of each parent. They grow up insecure. They worry about another loss or sudden change in their family or household. They worry for many years about their parents’ well being. The central finding of our study is that, adulthood, the experience of having been through parental divorce as a child impacts detrimentally on the capacity to love and be loved within lasting, committed relationship. At young adulthood when love, sexual intimacy and commitment and marriage take center stage, children of divorce haunted by the ghosts of their parents’ divorce and terrified that the same fate awaits them. In addition to overcoming their fear of failure, they have a great deal to learn about the give and take of intimate living with another person, about how to deal with differences and how to resolve conflicts. Children recover, typically within a 2 year period, and then resume their normal developmental progress, if three conditions obtain: 1) the parents are able to settle their differences without fighting; 2) the financial arrangements are fair and; 3) the child has continued contact with both parents over the years that follow. Our findings are that where parents got along both maintained caring relationships with their children of the first marriage, undiminished by their post-divorce relationships, and where both parents were doing reasonably well in their personal lives, the childhood and adolescence of the children were better protected. Personal Evaluation: Are people just too selfish to make commitments or care about others anymore? Have people become too lazy or unwilling to work on the problems that exist in every relationship? I believe people still are capable of making mistakes. It’s not that divorce is such a bad thing†¦ it’s more that people are making the mistake of rushing into marriage for whatever reason and finally coming to grips with reality. Divorce is not questioned, in my opinion, when one of the spouses is abusive an adulterer, or other legally or morally wrong issues. I believe that divorce can harm children. However, I also believe that God can heal those wounds and He can teach them how to live healthy lives. In my opinion, divorce leaves a mark. Like the books says: â€Å"†¦ impacts detrimentally on the capacity to love and be loved within lasting, committed relationship. At young adulthood when love, sexual intimacy and commitment and marriage take center stage, children of divorce haunted by the ghosts of their parents’ divorce and terrified that the same fate awaits them. † I do agree with what the book says. I also come from a broken family and it’s been hard to come to the place where I know and believe in commitment of marriage and love. In my case, my adoptive family had to do a lot with my healing process and the role model they were to me. A loss of family identity often makes one feel inadequate, inferior or incomplete. And that’s how I felt at the beginning but the truth of the matter is; none of us are, whether we come from a broken home or not. Bibliography: Slife, Brent. Taking Sides- Clashing views on Psychological Issues. FIFTEENTH ed. Boston: McGraw Hill Companies, 2006. Newton, Lee. â€Å"Divorce is like a Death in the Family. † About. com. 1 Mar. 2009 How to cite Does Divorce of Parents Harm Children?, Papers

Human Reproductive Biology Latest Approaches to Contraceptives

Question: Human Reproductive Biology for Latest Approaches to Contraceptives. Answer: Contraception is the use of devices, chemical substances, procedures and other methods in the effort to prevent conception that results from sexual activity between a male and female of fertile age bracket (Jones Lopez, 2014). Contraception is usually referred to as birth control or family planning. There are several contraceptive methods which are meant to be used by both males and females separately, but most of them are intended to be used by women. Contraception has been in existence since ancient Greece, Egypt, and Mesopotamia among other regions globally (Tone, 2013). The principal purpose of employing birth control is to prevent or avoid pregnancy if the individuals are not ready to meet the demands that come with conception and childbearing. On the other hand, it is used for health purposes to safeguard the mothers that are at high risk of complications associated with pregnancy such as those with sickle cell anemia trait, severe hypertension, and extreme deformations on the abdominal, pelvis and the spinal cord among other medical conditions. In this modern era, various approaches have been used in family planning and contraception. These methods are broadly classified as mechanical or barrier, chemical, surgical and natural methods. Under each category, there is a number of options from which the consumer can choose. For instance, mechanical or barrier approach of contraception involves the use of male and female condoms, intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), diaphragms, cervical caps and contraceptive sponges. Mechanical or barrier methods are meant Chemical approach entails the use of spermicides and hormones that are packaged in various forms such as injectable form, oral pills, and implants. In almost all instances, the use of hormone based contraceptive methods is used exclusively by females. However, there have been researchers that have tried to find out the possibility of using the hormonal method of contraception among males. None existence of the hormonal contraception use among the male population is attri buted to the undesirable side effects that come with their prolonged use which typically pose a number of health risks to the users. As well, surgical means of contraception entails two significant operational procedures conducted in both males and females. In females, it can either be tubal ligation, tubectomy or laparoscopic occlusions. With men, the only available surgical method of contraception is known as vasectomy. These methods are the commonly used ones globally. Nonetheless, there are also natural methods of birth control some of which were utilized in the ancient times for the same purpose and are still employed currently but in a more efficient manner with the thorough understanding and establishment of the human reproduction. These approaches classified as natural use no devices or chemicals to achieve their intended purpose. They include lactation amenorrhea, rhythm or calendar method, coitus interruptus or withdrawal, basal body temperature monitoring method and absti nence (Mastroianni, Donaldson, Kane Committee on Contraceptive Development 2012). However, even though there is the existence of these methods of contraception, they are not used by all individuals in the society due to issues related to cultural beliefs, religion, and ethics. This has prompted the establishment of regulations, guidelines and laws governing the use of these methods in different states. Although contraception has not been fully accepted in all societies worldwide, there has been a consistently relative improvement over time with the use of it. This can be greatly attributed to improved access to medical care in most countries, advanced medical assistance, health education, literacy, globalization and dissemination of information from concerned government and medical and reproductive research agencies to the consumers and the general public. Notably, a number of factors are considered when one is choosing the kind of contraceptive approach most suitable to them. Not all of these approaches can be used everyone, and therefore explicit explanation, advice and health education should be provided to the interested users in order for them to have an insight of what each of the approaches entails. The factors commonly considered while selecting the most suitable method of birth control include availability. Availability is the ease of access to the various options provided in either local health care facilities or other pharmaceutical outlets. Some methods may be widespread in certain areas than others due to this factor. Another factor associated with the availability and plays a role in the selection of an approach is cost and affordability of the method. Most individuals prefer the most cost-effective method. Another essential consideration is reversibility of the method of choice. Some people may want to conceive and bear children in future while others may want to prevent the possibility of conception permanently. Due to this reason, there are options provided for each of these parties that fit their interests, and it is a major factor that is considered before choosing any of the available methods (Ory, Forrest Lincoln, 2013). Additionally, the effectiveness of a birth control approach is put into consideration. The level of effectiveness of each of the methods used differs from each other. Some have high failure rates than others as indicated in table 1 therein according to DuPreÃÅ'  (2014). Intrauterine contraceptive device is the most effective and reliable among the mechanical methods. Other mechanical contraception options are equally effective but with a comparatively higher failure rates as they result in more unintended pregnancies. With chemical means, hormonal methods have higher success rates in prevention of conception while other chemical non hormonal options result in more uninte nded conceptions. Nevertheless, they are all better in terms of success rate when compared with natural methods which pose the highest risk of failure. Therefore, the only methods that are regarded to be 100% effective and reliable in prevention of conception as stipulated in table 1,are surgical tubal ligation, tubectomy, vasectomy and abstinance but only if these procedures are done correctly without any medical error. However, contrary to expectations based on its success rate, its the least used approach. Consequently, due to the reliability issues of some of these methods being more reliable than others, has led to those with high effectiveness and reliability percentage being common and widely used (Senanayake Potts, 2015). Moreover, another crucial issue considered is the side effects and adverse reactions associated with a particular approach. The body response and reaction to these approaches is not the same in all individuals. In some instances, an approach may result in an adverse reaction and undesirable side effects that pose a health risk to an individual. In such circumstances, medical and reproductive advice is sort and the person offered other more tolerable birth control approaches. Furthermore, acceptability of a method by both partners is taken into account before selecting it. This factor is specifically influenced by beliefs, psychological perceptions and all other factors that have been noted earlier. Birth control method Failure rate per 100 women Natural methods 13-30 conceptions per 100 women chemical (hormonal) methods 3 or fewer conceptions per 100 women Mechanical methods (barrier) 2-18 conceptions per 100 women Chemical (non-hormonal) methods 20 conceptions per 100 women Mechanical methods ( intrauterine contraceptive device) 1-3 conceptions per 100 women Surgical methods 0 conceptions per 100 women. Table 1: Failure rates of various contraceptive methods. Particular contraceptive method with associated advantages and disadvantages Male and female condoms The male condom is made of latex and is open on one end only It is worn over an erect penis before sexual intercourse. It works by blocking entry of sperms and semen ejaculated. Thus the ejaculate is collected inside the condom which is discarded afterward. By preventing successful entry of the ejaculate into the uterus, pregnancy is also avoided since fertilization of a viable ovum cannot take place. Similarly, female condoms prevent entry of sperms into the female reproductive system. It is inserted into the vagina through the vulva before sexual intercourse. The most outstanding advantage of using condoms as a birth control method is that it is the only way that also prevents transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS if used in the right manner. Moreover, its use doesnt need any medical supervision. However, the couples are supposed to have knowledge on the correct use in order to prevent ineffectiveness and failure cases. It is readily available in most places, relatively cheap and accepted by most couples since it is entirely reversible but some may argue that it reduces pleasure. Notably, it may cause an allergic reaction in some individuals who have an allergy towards latex. Another advantage is that rupture of the condom can result in conception or transmission of STIs and HIV virus (Briggs, Kovacs Guillebaud, 2013). Diaphragm This is a thin rubber that is inserted through the vagina and fitted on the cervix just before intercourse to prevent entry of sperms into the uterus. Cervical caps also use the same principles as a diaphragm. A spermicidal cream is applied to the diaphragm before this insertion. It is also supposed to be left intact for 6-8 hours after intercourse before it is removed or up to 16 hours if sex is desired again in which case additional spermicidal cream is applied without removal of the device. However, those having uterus prolapse and highly relaxed vaginal muscles are advised not to use this method as it may lead to further complications. It is moderately effective for highly motivated couples and is completely reversible but just like condoms; there can be rare occasions where allergic reactions can ensue (Zorea, 2012). Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) It is also referred to as a coil or loop. It is a small plastic coated with copper or hormones. It is introduced by insertion into the uterus by a reproductive health expert to prevent fertilization or implantation of any fertilized ovum. Under normal circumstances, it doesnt interfere with menstrual cycles or hormonal balance. It is stipulated that the best moments for this procedure to be performed is 4-6 weeks after delivery or soon after menstruation whereby the cervix is dilated, and one is sure not to be pregnant (Churchill Media, 2004). However, this method is discouraged and should not be used by women with heavy and painful menstruation, uterine malignancies, present infection on the reproductive system and those with irregular vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology. It is very effective, completely reversible and acceptable since it doesnt interfere with regular intercourse. Some of the side effects associated with it are increased menstrual bleeding, discharge from the vagin a, severe menstrual cramps and increased vaginal infection risk (Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception, 2014). Hormonal contraceptives This involves utilization of hormones to prevent conception. The hormones are introduced into the womans body through either oral intake of contraceptive pills, injection or implantation of hormonal implants. There are two types of oral contraceptives, namely the combined oral contraceptives (COC) and progesterone only pills (Drill, 2016). The earlier comes in three major combinations: monophasic, biphasic and triphasic and its mode of action is inhibition of ovulation by altering the hormonal profile in the female consumer. Monophasic pills are composed of the equal amount of progesterone and estrogen hormones. Drospirenone/ethinylestradiol is an example of such a pill. Biphasic pills contain the two hormones, progesterone, and estrogen with two different dose combinations. On the other hand, triphasic pills have three types of two separate combinations of estrogen and progesterone. The second category, progesterone only pills, is composed of progesterone hormone only. They also cha nge the hormonal profile in the body throughout the monthly cycle hence also preventing ovulation (Drill, 2016). Injectable contraceptives are equally based on the principle of preventing ovulation. A 150 mg dose of medroxyprogesterone acetate is injected intramuscularly after every three months. Likewise, implants are small devices that have hormones majorly levanogesteral. They are inserted into the groove between the biceps and triceps of upper forearm. All these options provide 100% conception prevention if used according to the recommendation. The use of these methods is completely reversible albeit not immediately. Some of the effects associated with their use are breast tenderness, weight gain, headache, nausea and slightly rise in blood pressure, spotting, irregular menstruation, excessive bleeding and in some instances reduced menstrual flow. Emergency contraceptive pills are high dose progesterone or estrogen based pills that are taken after unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent fertilization and implantation. They are supposed to be taken within 72-120 hours after the intercourse for them to be effective. They may also cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and headache besides making the menstrual cycle become irregular for some time. Surgical methods: Tubal ligation, tubectomy, and vasectomy Surgical methods of birth control are also known as sterilization since they are permanent except for tubal ligation. In females, tubal ligation involves the tying both fallopian tubes to prevent movement of the ovum into the uterus as well as preventing the sperms from reaching the ovulated egg for fertilization. This method is surgically performed and is reversible.on the other hand; tubectomy is the surgical cutting of the fallopian tube hence causing as a disconnection between the ovaries and the uterus. Thus there is no release of the ovum into the uterus or possibility of fertilization. In males, a vasectomy involves surgical cutting of the vas deferens from each testicle hence preventing sperms from being released to mix with semen before ejaculation. Tubectomy and vasectomy are permanent and completely irreversible. These surgical methods, however, offer 100% effectiveness and have no known adverse side effects. However, they are relatively expensive than the rest of the avai lable methods and may pose psychological challenges (Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception (U.S.), 2014). Natural methods Cervical mucus monitoring method: This is the monitoring of cervical mucus to determine the most likely time of one to conceive. During ovulation the mucus is thin, and there are high chances of fertilization (Kher, 2012). During other occasions, the mucus is usually thick, and the ability of sperms to penetrate through the cervix is low hence conception is unlikely. Basal body temperature: Monitoring of body temperature guides one to know the likeliest time to conceive. Basal body temperature rises during ovulation and remains elevated until the next menstruation (Kher, 2012). An individual therefore knows the time of their ovulation and avoids sexual intercourse. Cervical mucus and basal body temperature monitoring may be combined in a method called the symptom-thermal method. In the same way, rhythm method monitors ovulation cycle, and avoidance of sex are practiced when ovulation occurs. Coitus interruptus, abstinence, and lactation amenorrhea: Coitus interruptus works by a man withdrawing the penis out of the vagina completely before ejaculation to avoid deposition of sperms and semen into the vagina. Abstinence which is avoidance of sexual intercourse also provides 100% effectiveness. Lactation amenorrhea is based on continuous breastfeeding by a mother resulting in lack of physiological changes such as resuming of ovulation after delivery that favor conception (Kher, 2012). References Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception. (2014).Postpartum IUD insertion: Clinical and programmatic guidelines. New York: Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception. Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception (U.S.). (2014).Informed consent and voluntary sterilization: An implementation guide for program managers. New York: Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception. Churchill Media, (2004).Birth control: Myths and methods. Williston: Discovery Education. Drill, V. A. (2016).Oral contraceptives. New York: McGraw-Hill. DuPreÃÅ' , A. (2014).Communicating about health: Current issues and perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press. Jones, R. E., Lopez, K. H. (2014).Human reproductive biology. Amsterdam : Elsevier/Academic Press. Kher, S. (2012).Gynecologic Endocrinology - ECAB. London: Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. Mastroianni, L., Donaldson, P. J., Kane, T. T., Committee on Contraceptive Development (U.S.). (2012).Developing new contraceptives: Obstacles and opportunities. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. Ory, H. W., Forrest, J. D., Lincoln, R. (2013).Making choices: Evaluating the health risks and benefits of birth control methods. New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute. Senanayake, P., Potts, M. (2015).Atlas of contraception. London: Informa Healthcare. Briggs, P., Kovacs, G., Guillebaud, J. (2013).Contraception: A casebook from menarche to menopause. Philadelphia: Elsevier Tone, A. (2013).Devices and desires: A history of contraceptives in America. New York: Hill and Wang. Zorea, A. W. (2012).Birth control. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood.